Show of hands, who waves a security badge against a reader to get into their building at work? some even acknowledged by the companies affected, which actively and directly discuss security compromises in these NFC tags, and am just taking the next steps? Maybe that's an issue? or vehicle figures, resulting in over 350 Skylanders NFC toys of all types. What's a key? You should be able to find an older Android phone with NFC support for under $100. Here is a business card printed by Moo, which embeds an NFC tag to support sharing contact information; sending the user to a URL, app store, or social network profile; or even triggering custom behaviors using IFTTT. I really wish that the tokens were not so expensive, especially given that normal NFC tags are dirt cheap. Whereas criminal willfulness requires a specific intent to violate “a known legal duty,” civil cases require a more specific intent to violate copyright laws; that is that willfulness is not just an intent to copy, but rather an intent to infringe. Same question as before, who has kids who demand regular new Amiibo figures? Finally, we talked about the legal implications of doing so, and I have hopefully established that using NFC toys for your own data storage is probably not circumventing an effective access control, is probably not a copyright infringement, and that this work is legally enabling new interoperability of NFC toys with your own hardware. https://open.spotify.com/user/official_star_wars/playlist/0mJWJsZTz0I1iXFFeyRzcS. This is the data dumped off of Skylanders. We can see there's 320 bytes total on the tag. We're using the keys as intended. For the toys to work as they do, across multiple platforms, and offline, with every key A on every toy being different, there has to be some formula or math that sets them, that the portal or game knows, that has to be based on some fixed, immutable information about the character, like the content in sector zero. The Amiibo UID is seven digits in hexadecimal, e.g. with 504 bytes, made up of 126 "pages" with 4 bytes per page, similar to that pair of Bluetooth headphones. Use NFC-BANK.COM to download files and review guides on backing up your skylanders collection. Neither one can be read, so you need to know it in advance. Each Skylanders game shipped with a few starter figures, and a USB NFC reader styled as a "portal.". But, at least we can see the structure of the storage on the tag, which we couldn't for the Skylander. You can find a libnfc-supported NFC reader for around $50. Finally, I'll hand out NFC toys and worksheets for anyone in the audience who wants to try this out for themselves. I am not an attorney, and this is not legal advice. 5. for commercial advantage or private financial gain. There's a different part of the DMCA, section 1201, known as the "anti-circumvention" provisions. but Table 2 describes another MIFARE tag with 1kB memory, the MIFARE Classic. If you're selling keys? If you can't afford to defend yourself, you should be taking that into consideration. This algorithm supports new interoperability of Disney Infinity NFC toys. Sector zero key is static and by using the sector one key all other sector keys can be derived. which finally led NXP to tell people to stop using them. § 504(c). So, I gotta say, these screens are kinda empty. Circumvention does not occur, however, by properly using the technological measure’s gatekeeping capacity without the copyright owner’s permission. Identive Group, a secure ID, NFC tag and reader maker, turned a profit in the fourth quarter–albeit a small one–its first time in the black for several consecutive quarters, helped by what CEO Ayman S. Ashour described as “a record quarter for NFC.” For everyone else, Nintendo launched Amiibo in 2014, and in classic Nintendo fashion, treats them as much as rare collectables for obsessive adults as video game accessories for kids, resulting in lines in front of stores on release days, and toys selling out and never being reissued. Another toy we didn't even get to discuss, the Pokemon Rumble U figures, don't even have write protection, you can do whatever you want with them right out of the pokeball. Fantastic, great. Please fill these out at the end and pass them forward, it helps me understand how this went, independent of any feedback you may provide HOPE directly. Swiping a toy of Samus Aran from Metroid on a subway turnstile? https://archive.org/stream/peterwendy00barr2. That looks like this: (This output is just like NXP TagInfo's rendering of the payment card, just all smushed together.). Second, this is America, where you can be sued by anyone at any time for any reason, and then you're stuck having to defend yourself. A short unboxing on a Skylanders data saving NFC device called MaxLander; and how it would be great for kids. 04:52:D7:52:01:49:81. And, it contains exactly what we're looking for: The collected keys showed that the first sector always has the same static key, but all other sector keys were seemingly random. A show of hands, who was personally into Skylanders, and bought yourselves a bunch of awesome toys and video games over the past seven years? This is a "Duck Hunt" figure from Nintendo Amiibo as seen in NXP TagInfo. You could have a Tinkerbell toy with a link to the ebook of Peter and Wendy. I want to give you an idea of why this is worth an hour of your time, but I need to start with a couple of examples for everyone who doesn't know what NFC is. hide. This is the one-stop, easy tutorial for making skylanders yourself using bin files on the internet. skylanders portal documentation Thursday, October 27th, 2011 6:35PM If you haven't heard of the game Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure, do a little reading about it. Can we get in some sort of trouble if we do this? The first key, key A, in every toy is the same. There's more, but that's enough for us to know that we can completely own any given Skylanders toy. First, I'm about to talk about legal stuff, but I am not an attorney, and this is not legal advice. Read the contents of the tag using the libnfc standard tool nfc-mfclassic, using the generated keys, saving it into ninjini-dump.mfd. You could have a Kickoff Countdown toy store your World Cup predictions. This is a "Ninjini" figure from Activision Skylanders, when swiped against an Android phone with NFC support, running the app NFC Tools. Curiously, it doesn't have any other information. Sequels were shipped every year, variously offering. In addition, Disney Infinity came out in 2013, well after NXP hardened the MIFARE Classic. Thus, copyright law protects a novel or poem written on paper or typed in a computer, a song recorded in a studio or written on sheet music, a sculpture modeled in clay or bronze, or a computer program on a computer’s hard disk. If the data is just "This is a Ninjini toy, with this health and this experience level," those are discrete facts and figures. You wear a wrist gauntlet which detects the NFC tags and plays sound effects appropriate to the character and/or its location in a play set. Android phones Slide 52. The second password, key B, is the factory default key, and it's readable, which means we can see it, and probably also means we can only use it to see what data is on the tag, but not change it. Alright, so why are we suddenly talking about legal trouble, when I've just discussed a long history of security research and academic scholarship. So, today, along with presenting a public, clean room description of an algorithm to generate the PWD for current Amiibo figures, I'm also handing out a worksheet, with an Amiibo card and its UID, so you can generate the PWD by hand yourself, right now, in your seat, if you'd like. Skylanders Giants: Portal Owners Pack Xbox 360 Video Games, Microsoft Xbox 360 Skylanders NFC Reader, Portal Toys to Life Products, Skylanders Portal, Portal 2 Microsoft Xbox 360 Video Games, Skylanders Portal Wii, Microsoft Xbox 360 Skylanders Spyro's Adventure Video Games, Xbox 360 Bundle, Xbox 360 With Kinect, report. along with all other UIDs that had ever been requested, a kind of public UID/key database. That perks you up, that's super interesting. Everyone understands that toys are toys, so when a toy does something that a toy wouldn't normally do, that's visually interesting, that's stimulating. This is a "Kanan Jarrus" figure from Disney Infinity as seen in NXP TagInfo. This output is also really detailed. For example, this is similar text to the demo video, saved as nfctoys-sky.txt. Second, many of us could probably have independently replicated his work, just like fellow HOPE 2018 speaker James Chambers did. The new User Squad Skylanders are based off of real users on the actual Skylanders Fan Wiki. we find it in this PDF describing ways to identify NXP MIFARE tags, so it's a MIFARE tag. As a common type of NFC tag, MIFARE Classic is pretty well-explored from a security standpoint. Writing your own data to an Activision Skylanders NFC toy. To say Skylanders is a hit for Activision is like saying that fish like water. When a tag, or your phone talking like a tag, is near enough to a reader, generally millimeters to centimeters, the reader's radio frequency transmissions provide enough wireless power. We could search documentation and source code for common MIFARE keys and try each one of them against the key A and key B for every sector, and, spoiler alert, it'll eventually work, you'll eventually find one. I will post answers to questions on nfc.toys, and reply to you with a link to your answer. So we're looking for a known key for a Skylanders toy, and some not-so-creative searching nets us an interesting paper, Comprehensive security analyses of a toys-to-life game and possible countermeasures. For subsequent offenses, the maximum penalty is ten years’ imprisonment, a $1 million fine or twice the monetary gain or loss, or both imprisonment and a fine. Download the eml2mfd.py and mfd2eml.py programs from the MIFARE Classic Tool source control so we can convert data back and forth. and a console to play it on, since we need the conversation to happen. I'm publishing this to support new interoperability of Activision Skylanders NFC toys. What happened to the NFC bank? I'm not trying to cheat other players, … Introduction Hello fellow skylander enthusiast! The in-person audience can write their questions on the flip side of their feedback form. Finally, another security researcher did have the engineering experience, and so today I can present the first, public, clean room description of an algorithm to generate the keys A and B for all Disney Infinity figures released. (A civil action doesn't need to address #1 or #5.). 49. So, how do you figure out what that formula is? None of the ten keys are standard keys, so any exploit that relies on knowing a key won't work. The thesis never says Skylanders by name, but knowing what we know now, it's easy to recognize that's what it's about. skylanders imaginators switch. Jet Eagle, Skylanders: Type: NFC Figure: This is a lot of 29 Skylanders figures from various teams. You could have a giant Pikachu toy with the credentials to your production environment at work. As specialized RFID test equipment, though, it also requires a more thorough understanding of RFID in general. Need help copying my skylanders to nfc tokens. Those are the 16 keys A necessary to read or write the Skylanders NFC toy, generated algorithmically, instead of using an exploit. Who has been forced to pirate Amiibo figures, either buying pre-cloned tags, or cloning tags themselves, because the Amiibos you want always sell out before you can get one? Extract the writable, 720 bytes from the hex output and evaluate it, using the standard Unix sed, xxd and file tools. Someone who just comes across those clean room algorithms might have a stronger case. By testing different nicknames, we can see that these two blocks store the nickname, and that they change depending on its length: ("Ninjini" (default), "Securitoy", "bob"). (This is similar to the data we saw on the toy in the case study and in Toys only store data: Skylanders Giants character figures.). You'll also need a libnfc-supported NFC reader. Remember that sector 0 is write-only, so you're starting on line 5 (block 4, sector 1), then line 6, line 7, skipping line 8 (the sector trailer with the key A), and so on. They are freedom fighters in spirit, living for action and their love for battle. Sector zero key is static and by using the sector one key all other sector keys can be derived. Everything we're going to cover is a grey area, and I'll be positioning it as such, because it's things that can only be decided by a judge in a court. So, what happens when we swipe an NFC toy against an appropriate Android phone? I have a Donkey Kong amiibo, and I want to edit its stats I already have the editor but I don't know how to get the BIND file of my amiibo. We'll refer to them as PWD 0 through PWD 3. (Switch) Skylanders Imaginators - Joy-Con + NFC + Gameplay This channel is all about gaming in the best possible way. Are the NFC tag keys and passwords effective access controls that protect the game content? Okay, hands down. The third screen has detailed information about the NFC tag itself, and the fourth screen again shows us all the raw memory content that it's getting all that information from, again in a pages structure. The first thing we see is it's an NXP brand tag. If we're just just talking about the toy right now, and the existing data on the toy, then if that data is just facts and figures, it wouldn't be copyrighted, and therefore breaking into the NFC toy wouldn't be an infringement. Water is one of the tenelements introduced in the Skylanders series. We want libnfc-compatible hardware, because a lot of the dedicated NFC readers you'll find are Windows-only, or only expose low-level communication functions, requiring more complex, technical programming. Earlier, we said that some Android phones, ones that support Google Pay, can talk NFC, and so an Android phone will be the first of three standard tools I'll be discussing. The elemental alignment of each Skylander makes them strong against one element and weak against another element in the older games' Battle Arenas: Earth is strong against Tech, Tech is strong against Magic, Magic is strong against Undead, Undead is strong against Life, Life is strong against Water, Water is strong against Fire, Fire is strong against Air, … (This is the same as for any MIFARE tag.). Toys that use NFC to support interactions, typically digital ones, means the toy may contain, affect, or involve digital content, which may be covered by copyright. One side is for Q&A, the other is for talk or speaker feedback. On nfc.toys, you'll find a video showing me writing custom data using a Mac with an off-the-shelf, USB NFC reader, and reading that custom data back out with an Android phone, using a standard app from the Google Play store, NXP TagInfo. Because NFC is a subset of RFID, it works for NFC toys, too. The reason is that, legally, some NFC toys may not count as regular NFC tags. We're going to talk about NFC toys, which are toys, which have NFC tags embedded in them. Obviously we already know one for this payment card, maybe the TNP3xxx has a similar situation. We're covering a lot in this talk, and it clocks in at just under fifty minutes, which means we don't have time for live Q&A. If you compile and run their libnfc_crypto1_crack program with a Giants figure, you'll get: That's a valid key for block 4 (sector 1), and you can repeat that for a block in each of the remaining sectors. I use it as an example because it's bigger, and it lights up, but if it's a MIFARE Classic in disguise, we're going to have to use a compromise that works against the hardened version of the tag, like the one from this paper, published in 2015, Ciphertext-only Cryptanalysis on Hardened Mifare Classic Cards. Hell, if you want older gen Skylanders, Five Below has them brand new for $5. So, maybe, let's take this seriously, and see how the DMCA concerns us, based on excerpts from the 2013 Department of Justice Prosecuting Intellectual Property Crimes manual, fourth edition. If it's a criminal action, this is the damage: For the first criminal violation of Title I of the DMCA (§§ 1201, 1202), the maximum penalty is five years’ imprisonment, a $500,000 fine or twice the monetary gain or loss, or both imprisonment and a fine. The second screen explains the technical details of the content, in this case the Moo URL that provides all the custom functionality through their online service. Sector zero, blocks 0-3, has the access bits 0f0f0f. While certainly not obvious, it feels as if there is some sort of shifting to the left happening. I am a huge fan of his work going back to Reinventing Radio at BBC R&D, and I am right chuffed that this photo is a) his and b) just what I needed. Here's the output of the libnfc standard tool, nfc-list, when run against the "Ninjini" figure used in the demo. NFC tags are more like tiny, slow, wireless flash drives. Slide 17's toys are Beasts of Balance, a connected tabletop game. What technologies do the Skylanders figurines use? That doesn't mean we can't be sued for this anyway! By request, this page documents a workflow similar to the demo video, using standard software available on any Mac or Linux computer. BestTom No.255 Wolfgang ACNH Animal Villager Card Fan Made.Third Party NFC Card Bank Card Size Water Resistant for Switch/Switch Lite/Wii U 1. price S$ 17. Nintendo lists over sixty games in the US with Amiibo support, and over 160 toys. Create your own data to write, up to 720 bytes, and save it. We'll be working in hexadecimal, which is easier for people to read, but the tools use the "MIFARE Dump" format. As discussed in the case study, by knowing the algorithm used to set the read/write passwords (keys A), we can interoperably read/write our own data to a Skylanders NFC toy.Read New interoperability for Activision Skylanders NFC toys for details on the algorithm, and a demonstration video showing it in use. Here's a pair of Bluetooth headphones, which embed an NFC tag for easy pairing with your phone. Please fill out your feedback forms, and pass them forward or hand them to me as you exit. I am indebted to the hobbyists and researchers who went before me, and to everyone who publishes their notes, their documentation, and their software for others to learn from and build upon, but especially the Proxmark community, Adafruit's NFC and MIFARE explainer and the RFIDIOt Python library. I am not a lawyer, and this was not legal advice. Most references are linked inline. Disney Infinity let you play with characters from many different Disney properties, all together in an open-world sandbox environment called the Toy Box. Let's define NFC toys in a way that might help clarify this. But, this is 2018, and you have slightly newer information available to you than I did when I did that myself back in 2014. to allow the tag to communicate back and forth, often just tens to a few hundred bytes. The paradigm for toys-to-life games is well-established: one part kid-friendly video game, one part expensive, collectible figurines -- and a tethered NFC "portal" that ties them together. Those are the same 16 keys A, plus the UID, written "in place", where they'd be in a hexadecimal dump of the tag. There are others makes of NFC toys, and the techniques we'll use can apply to them, but these are what we're talking about today. These are Amiibo cards, each card has an Amiibo NFC tag inside. But, we know that it has memory, the third tab says so. Unlike Skylanders, which is all mostly original IP. For everyone else who isn't familiar with Skylanders, it's a video game that launched in 2011 as a Spyro the Dragon reboot, across every major platform, plus a Flash-based web game. (This is the same as for any MIFARE tag.). The photo in slide 9 is by Matt Biddulph. In exploring this Ninjini toy, we're really just taking the next steps in a long line of scholarship. So, today, I present the first, public, clean room description of an algorithm to generate the keys A for all Skylanders figures released to date. Skylanders was a huge success. Earlier, we said that some Android phones, ones that support Google Pay, can talk NFC, and so an Android phone will be the first of three standard tools I'll be discussing. The MIFARE Classic 1K offers 1024 bytes of data storage, split into 16 sectors; Disney Infinity, Nintendo Amiibo, and advanced tools, is suing the federal government over DMCA section 1201, Ask the EFF: The Year in Digital Civil Liberties, Breath of the RF Field: Hacking Amiibo with Software-Defined Radio. If we were figuring out Amiibo ourselves, we'd have to work it like we did Disney Infinity, but we're luckier here in two ways. The key A for sector 0 is always the 6-byte (12-character) hexadecimal representation of the integer computed by the multiplication of the three prime numbers 73 and 2017 and 560,381,651, For all other sectors, let a big-endian, most-significant-bit first, 48-bit CRC computation use the ECMA-182 polynomial of 0x42f0e1eba9ea3693, and not be reflected or reversed or have a final register XOR value; this is equivalent to a CRC64-ECMA-182 with left shift, MSB check and remainder trim reduced from 64 to 48 bits, Let the initial value of the CRC48 register be the value of the integer computed by the multiplication of the five prime numbers 2 and 2 and 3 and 1103 and 12,868,356,821, Compute the CRC48 of the 5 bytes encoded by the 10-character hexadecimal concatenation of the UID and the sector number in hexadecimal, The key A for that sector is 6 bytes, represented in hexadecimal as 12 characters: the result of the CRC48 with the hexadecimal bytes' order reversed. Save that to ninjini-keys.eml and convert it to a MIFARE Dump file using eml2mfd.py. I don't want to buy all the figurines, but I want to experience the content. 14 comments. There's one other concern, we touched on it briefly before. In this video, I explain how to create your own Amiibo using an Android phone, the Tagmo app as well as a NFC Tag. Slide 15's toys are Pokemon Rumble U figures, Nintendo's pre-Amiibo NFC toy from 2013. (This is the same as for any MIFARE tag.). (Disney Infinity was discontinued before a Peter Pan figure was released, but unreleased toys have made their way to online sellers. You can find people who are holding polls or achievements in certain levels. The Proxmark was an open source design for RFID test equipment, providing high-end functionality at a much lower price point than commercial test equipment. There are higher-level, easier-to-use libraries in various languages which use libnfc under the hood, and so it provides security researchers and hobbyists alike with a standard platform. (Now, we might be eligible for other charges under other laws, but not a DMCA violation.). Part of NFC is a standard method of wireless communication. Some of the expected uses for NFC are for things like business cards and advertisements, so some information can always be read from an NFC tag using standard tools, and these represent some of that standard, public information. This one is great, the second screen explains a lot of the technical details of the content, like the manufacturer, the model of the headset, the kinds of Bluetooth protocols it supports, and more. ), Read the data back out to verify it, using nfc-mfclassic, mfd2eml.py, sed, xxd, file, and cat. In addition, NXP released updated, so-called "hardened" versions of MIFARE tags "in and around 2011". When you're exploring NFC tags on your own, it's easiest to look for an Android phone with Google Pay support. We should be able to play with our toys as we see fit, and it's up to us to assert our rights to do so. Even if we're not circumventing an access control to read and write toy data, the toys are still used to access content within a game, and the game content is almost certainly under copyright. and was devastated, as I was, when they canceled the series? We're set for Skylanders. Every other sector is writable by its key A. United by their unique abilties and loyalty to their leader, Master Eon, as well to each other, family, and friends, the Skylanders all share the purpose and destiny to protecting Skylands from all things evil. It also comes with a Golden Dragonfire Cannon and Piggy Bank. In addition to a libnfc-supported NFC reader, plugged into our Mac or Linux computer, we'll also need to already know, or be comfortable figuring out, how to compile software ourselves, but we won't need to write anything new. Slide 16's toys are Star Wars Force Link, a series of action figures, vehicles, and playsets. 88% Upvoted. I don't need to buy a bunch of Disney Infinity toys to get a bunch of keys to see if there are patterns. Others might reverse-engineer the encryption on the data, reading it from the tag frequently to see what changes get made. Any Android phone with NFC support can read any NFC Type 1 through 4 tag. And when you do this, for dozens of keys in regular patterns, you find there's no pattern at all. But this is a talk focusing just on the NFC tag in an NFC toy, and it turns out there's a lot we can learn without doing any additional work at all. They are … There were also separate story-based environments for specific franchises and characters, such as a Pirates of the Caribbean play set. An ATQA of 0f 01 with an SAK of 01 means an Activision Skylander NFC toy. If you're watching this talk in the future, asking questions via Twitter will be your best bet for a response. Since this is the encrypted gameplay data from the toy, it's just "data", and we can't do anything further with it. Raise your hands. As RFID and security researchers discovered across 2014 and 2015, if you collect enough keys, and do some math, you can see patterns in how each sector's keys relate to each other, and come up with more than one method to generate the keys. The other nice thing about having a Proxmark is it can simulate a MIFARE tag. I have an ACR122 connected to windows 7 64bit. You may also want the emlinsert.py Python 2 program, which makes it easier to create the file necessary to write custom data to an NFC tag, listed at the bottom of this page. NXP TagInfo says Duck Hunt is also an NXP, this one a Type 2 tag called NTAG215. In court, "effectively" basically means "does it exist to do this.". Facts and figures alone are not copyrightable. So for about sixteen months, I ran a web service that accepted a Disney Infinity toy UID, passed it along to the Proxmark for simulation, listened in for the key, and then posted it publicly. You'll also find a sample implementation of this algorithm in Python 2. Cool, hands down. This is the same as how a MIFARE Classic tag is laid out, in sixteen sectors, numbered zero through fifteen: Each of those rows in each sector is called a block. If the data includes things like, the actual character art and sound effects which get used in the game? With this, you can get keys A for every Skylanders toy. Sequels were released in 2014 and 2015, resulting in over 300 NFC toys, between figures and accessories. (more) To write a new article, just enter the article title in the box below. (This is the same as for any MIFARE tag. For people watching the livestream or anyone in the audience who would prefer subtitles, the transcript, slides, and supporting materials for this talk are now live at nfc.toys. If you want to learn more of the capabilities of the NXP NFC chips used in most Android devices, navigate to NXP's website and there is plenty of info. We also see the serial number for the tag, also called the UID, and the ATQA and SAK, which help identify the type of tag it is. Skylanders Creator App FULL DETAILS – 3D Printed Skylanders, NFC Cards & T-Shirts Video October 3, 2016 Andy Robertson Leave a comment Paul Reiche talks about the new Skylanders Creator app and the ability to transfer Skylanders from the console game to the app. That's as far as we can get on a Skylanders toy with an Android phone, so it's time to upgrade to the second of three standard tools I'll be discussing: dedicated NFC reader hardware plugged into your computer. I have bin files for my regular skylanders (can't find how to get my imaginators). If you're just using these toys yourself, for yourself, there's no commercial advantage or private financial gain. That's not the part we're concerned with. The protection of a copyrighted work is an essential element. MIFARE Classic encryption has been compromised; see below for details. The condition on the figures is good, although they are all loose, and I have … §§ 1204, 3571(d). Yesterday's announcement of Skylanders Giants for Wii naturally led to … We're less fortunate working with Disney Infinity figures. Be sure to stop by our affliated Skylanders fan forums, Skylands Academy, to chat all about the Skylanders franchise, including Skylanders Academy.
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