However, if the concession yields high revenues, the French government can assume control of the bridge as early as 2044. Wallpaper Design Awards – Best New Public Building, Millau Viaduct Wins Gold at the 'Design & Art Direction Awards', Spectacular new viaduct opens in the South of France. [5] The bridge has been consistently ranked as one of the greatest engineering achievements of modern times, and received the 2006 Outstanding Structure Award from the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. Many tourists heading to southern France and Spain follow this route because it is direct and without tolls for the 340 kilometres (210 mi) between Clermont-Ferrand and Pézenas, except for the bridge. A car park and viewing station, equipped with public toilets, is situated at each side of the toll plaza. '"The Millau Viaduct is a magnificent example, in the long and great French tradition, of audacious works of art, a tradition begun at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries by the great Gustave Eiffel," … The decision to proceed by grant of contract was made in May 1998; then in June 2000, the contest for the construction contract was launched, open to four consortia. This suspension bridge has a total length of 2 . [citation needed], The Millau Viaduct forms the last link of the existing A75 autoroute[4] (known as "la Méridienne), from Clermont-Ferrand to Pézenas (to be extended to Béziers by 2010). [13], After the choice of the high viaduct, five teams of architects and researchers worked on a technical solution. [citation needed], Numerous organisations opposed the project, including the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), France Nature Environnement, the national federation of motorway users, and Environmental Action. The objective of the viaduct would not be achieved; because of the toll, the viaduct would be little used, and the project would not solve Millau's congestion problems. He has signed several other famous buildings, including the Millennium Bridge in London. [citation needed], Each mast of the Viaduct is equipped with a monoaxial layer of eleven pairs of cable-stays; laid face to face. The stays connecting the masts and the deck were then installed, and the bridge was tensioned overall, and weight tested. A cable-stayed, masted structure, the bridge is delicate, transparent, and has the optimum span between columns. The A75, with the A10 and A71, provides a continuous high-speed route south from Paris through Clermont-Ferrand to the Languedoc region, thence to Spain, considerably reducing the cost and time of vehicle traffic travelling along this route. The Millau Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. More info here, French Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Housing, Tourism and Sea, EEG (Europe Etudes Gecti), Sogelerg, SERF, Travel + Leisure Design Award for Best Infrastructure, Singapore Construction Excellence Award - Civil Category, Chicago Athenaeum International Architecture Award, Staalbouwwedstrijd / Concours Construction Acier – Winner International category, IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) Outstanding Structure Award, The Building Exchange (BEX) Award – Best Use of Architectural or Structural Design in a Regeneration Scheme, 2nd Place. 14 December 2001: laying of the first stone, March 2002: start of work on the pier support C8, June 2002: support C8 completed, start of work on piers, July 2002: start of work on the foundations of temporary, height adjustable roadway supports, August 2002: start of work on pier support C0, September 2002: assembly of roadway begins, 25–26 February 2003: laying of first pieces of roadway, November 2003: completion of the last piers (piers P2 at 245 metres (804 ft) and P3 at 221 metres (725 ft) are the highest piers in the world), 28 May 2004: the pieces of roadway are several centimetres apart, their juncture to be accomplished within two weeks, 2nd half of 2004: installation of the pylons and shrouds, removal of the temporary roadway supports, 16 December 2004: opening of the viaduct, ahead of schedule, 10 January 2005: initial planned opening date, The highest pylons in the world: pylons P2 and P3, 244.96 metres (803 ft 8 in) and 221.05 metres (725 ft 3 in) in height respectively, broke the French record previously held by the. The choice of the 'high' solution was decided by ministerial decree on 29 October 1991. [2][4] As of 2018, the toll bridge costs €8.30 for light automobiles (€10.40 during the peak season of 15 June to 15 September). [6][7][8][9], In the 1980s, high levels of road traffic near Millau in the Tarn valley were causing congestion, especially in the summer due to holiday traffic on the route from Paris to Spain. It installed the cable stays and put them under tension, while the prestress division of Eiffage was responsible for prestressing the pillar heads. An engineering marvel! In March 2001, Eiffage established the subsidiary Compagnie Eiffage du Viaduc de Millau (CEVM), and was declared winner of the contest and awarded the prime contract in August. [25] It was inaugurated by the prefect of Aveyron, Chantal Jourdan, on 30 June 2006, after 7 months of works. The stays were installed by the Freyssinet company. Located in southern France, the bridge completes a hitherto missing link in the A75 autoroute from Clermont-Ferrand to Béziers across the Massif Central. [citation needed], All the member companies of the Eiffage group had some role in the construction work. These are designed to detect the slightest movement in the Viaduct, and measure its resistance to wear-and-tear over time. The viaduct represented a detour, reducing the number of visitors passing through Millau and slowing its economy. [1], The Millau Viaduct is part of the A75[4]–A71 autoroute axis from Paris to Béziers and Montpellier. [2][3][4] As of September 2020,[update] it is the tallest bridge in the world, having a structural height of 336.4 metres (1,104 ft). A further advantage of this process was to make negotiating the contract easier, reducing public expense, and speeding up construction, while minimising such design work as remained for the contractor. By continuing to use this website, you agree to the use of cookies. The pylons of the Millau Viaduct, which are the tallest elements (the tallest pylon – 244.96 metres (803.7 ft)) were produced and mounted by PAECH Construction Enterprise from Poland. The westernmost route would be better, longer by 3 kilometres (1.9 mi), but a third of the cost with its three more conventional structures. A millau-i völgyhíd vagy millau-i viadukt (franciául Viaduc de Millau, kiejtése kb. Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed bridge located in Southern France. Being the tallest of all, it is therefore under the most intense stress. Historia. © Copyright 2021 Foster + Partners. During the launching, the road deck was also supported by eight temporary towers, which were removed near the end of construction. [citation needed], Twelve fibre optic extensometers were installed in the base of pylon P2. The toll plaza is on the A75 autoroute; the bridge toll booths and the buildings for the commercial and technical management teams are situated 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the viaduct. It is slightly taller than the Eiffel Tower in Paris and only 38 meters (125 ft) shorter than the Empire State Building. At times of low traffic volume, the central booth is capable of servicing vehicles in both directions. [citation needed], The project required about 127,000 cubic metres (166,000 cu yd) of concrete, 19,000 tonnes (21,000 short tons) of steel for the reinforced concrete, and 5,000 tonnes (5,500 short tons) of pre-stressed steel for the cables and shrouds. The cable stays are also instrumented, and their ageing meticulously analysed. The deck has an inverse airfoil shape, providing negative lift in strong wind conditions. The bridge, made out of steel and concrete, gives the viaduct a strong fine structure with only 7 points along the construction supporting it and 1,500 tonnes of live wire covering the surface of the bridge. However, according to the minister, he did not envisage building a counterpart in, This bridge was featured in a scene of the 2007 film, This page was last edited on 19 February 2021, at 13:38. Depending on their length, the cable stays were made of 55 to 91 high tensile steel cables, or strands, themselves formed of seven strands of steel (a central strand with six intertwined strands). The total cost was €20 million. People marvel at its height and elegant design. [citation needed], The rest area of Brocuéjouls, named Aire du Viaduc de Millau,[24] is situated just north of the viaduct, and is centred on an old farm building named 'Ferme de Brocuéjouls'. The 2,000 cubic metres (2,600 cu yd) of concrete necessary for the treads was poured at the same time. Not only does this give the bridge a dramatic silhouette, but crucially, it also makes the minimum intervention in the landscape. Its construction broke several records: it has the highest pylons in the world, the highest road bridge deck in Europe, and it superceded the Eiffel Tower as the tallest structure in France. This apparatus is capable of taking up to 100 readings per second. Post navigation. By July 1993, seventeen structural engineers and thirty-eight architects applied as candidates for the preliminary studies. The Millau Viaduct is the world’s tallest cable-stayed bridge. Millau Viaduct Commentary. view of the Tarn valley, with the town of Millau, from the north end of the Viaduct de Millau [the Viaduct is behind viewer] Millau has a population of slightly more than 22,000 people, and has recently recruited two extra staff at the Tourist Office to help with queries about … The pieces were joined to form the one complete mast, still lying horizontally. 3. Millau bridge is 2460 meters long and the main span is 342 meters. The builder claims that the lifetime of the bridge will be at least 120 years. [citation needed], The bridge road deck was constructed on plateaus at both ends of the viaduct, and pushed onto the pylons using bridge launching techniques. They also applied the launching technology. Opponents advanced several arguments:[citation needed], Two weeks after the laying of the first stone on December 14, 2001, the workers started digging the deep shafts. Each of its sections spans 342 metres and its piers range in height from 75 metres to 245 metres, with the masts rising a further 87 metres above the road deck. With the assistance of a multidisciplinary commission, the Administration of Roads selected eight structural engineers for a technical study, and seven architects for the architectural study. [23], The electrical installations of the viaduct are large in proportion to the size of the bridge. The 'ideal formula' was found after two years of research. Millau To allow for deformations of the metal road deck under traffic, a special surface of modified bitumen was installed by research teams from Appia (company) [fr]. La construction du viaduc a nécessité de nombreuses compétences, tant au niveau de la conception que de la réalisation de l'ouvrage. ", Brocuéjouls Farm on the Midi-Pyrénées heritages website, Inauguration of the rest area of Millau Viaduct, "l'École de Paris du management — Ecole de Paris", "Top Gear TV > Supercars across France, part 4/4 (series 7, episode 3)", Millau Viaduct on the Aveyron touristic website, Jiangsu Nanjing Broadcast Television Tower, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Millau_Viaduct&oldid=1007699351, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from April 2017, All articles needing additional references, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Pages using infobox bridge with unknown parameters, Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2017, Articles with disputed statements from January 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2012, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 336.4 m (1,104 ft) (max pylon above ground). Number 2 was the tallest across the river number 3 was not mu… Now it is literally a 5 minute drive at 65 mph. [1] Because the government had already taken the design work to an advanced stage, the technical uncertainties were considerably reduced. Den er konstrueret af den franske broingeniør Michel Virlogeux i samarbejde med den engelske arkitekt Norman Foster.. Broen er per august 2018 den højeste vejbro i verden. The design team was led by engineer Michel Virlogeux and English architect Norman Foster. The speed of construction then rapidly increased. [citation needed]. Berita. All Rights Reserved. Consisting of 53 elements (voussoirs), the canopy is 100 metres (330 ft) long and 28 metres (92 ft) wide.
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